Felix & Sofie: Metamodernisme en Engagement anno Nu
Perdu, 27 januari
vandaag in hard//hoofd
Zo’n vijftien jaar geleden, na mijn eindexamen, dacht ik erover het
‘retromodernisme’ uit te roepen. Ik kan het niet bewijzen want ik heb
mijn ego-documenten in de papiercontainer gegooid, maar ik kan me wel
herinneren dat ik het plan heb losgelaten omdat ik het idee te
inhoudsloos en vrijblijvend vond. Had ik maar op z’n minst de domeinnaam
geclaimd, want ook van holle ideeën kun je goede containerconcepten
maken. Dat bewijst het huidige succes van het metamodernisme.
‘Metamodernisme’ is het geesteskind van cultuurwetenschappers/ -filosofen
Timotheus Vermeulen en Robin van den Akker, die gezamenlijk in 2009
hebben vastgesteld dat het postmodernisme nu wel voorbij is en de site Notes on Metamodernism
hebben opgericht. Dat is overigens, zonder dollen, een mooie site met
leesbare, weldoordachte stukken over kunst en media. Het achterliggende
idee is dat we niet meer terug kunnen naar het naïeve enthousiasme van
het modernisme, maar ook niet mogen blijven steken in postmoderne
ironie, en in plaats daarvan moeten slingeren tussen ernst en
relativering, betrokkenheid en distantie.
Het klinkt als een triviale vaststelling: doet en deed niet iedereen
dat? Vermeulen en Van den Akker claimen dan ook niet dat hun idee
origineel is, en vinden het misplaatst om met strijdpunten en manifesten
te zwaaien. In plaats daarvan zien ze ‘metamodernisme’ vooral als een
diagnose van wat nu cultureel ‘dominant’ is, en presenteren het
metamodernisme als een collectief project dat iedereen mee mag helpen
definiëren. Het omvat muziek van Arcade Fire en films van Wes Anderson,
performances van Shia LaBeouf en protesten van Occupy Wall Street. In
elk geval veel dingen in kunst en media. Dat je daar de tijdgeest aan
kunt aflezen, spreekt blijkbaar voor zich.
donderdag 29 januari 2015
zondag 25 januari 2015
Cartoons @ The Roots of Nationalism
Conference The Roots of Nationalism, 1600-1815
Radboud University Nijmegen, 22-23 January
[UPDATE 29-1: een Nederlandse versie staat op historici.nl]
There are essentially two positions with regard to the origins of nationalism. Modernists argue that nationalism was largely constructed after 1800 through the 'invention of tradition', 'imagined communities', national education, print culture and state propaganda, and/or as a side effect of the modernization process. Primordialists hold that post-1800 nationalism is not categorically different from pre-1800 patriotism, national sentiment, histories of the nation, and theories of national character. There are, of course, all kinds of nuances to these positions, but on the whole modernism is dominant in nationalism studies. The conference The Roots of Nationalism, on the other hand, organized by a research group for premodern Dutch identity formation, is essentially primordialists inc.
'Proud to be Dutch' is the somewhat provocative title of Lotte Jensen's research group, who have organized the conference. Of course they are not nationalists themselves - apart from a few creeps in Leiden no sensible Dutch historians are. But they do research on national pride in early modern Dutch travel accounts, poetical canon formation, pamphlets and songs related to wars and peace treaties, and Dutch resistance against the Napoleonic regime. This drawing is one I actually made later during the conference, while listening to a presentation on Dutch colonial activities in Ambon.
Joep Leerssen, main representative of 'modernism' in the Netherlands, has accused keynote speaker Caspar Hirschi of treating something (that is, early modern 'nationalism') like a duck because it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and talks like a duck. Apparently, Lotte avers, Joep thinks it's a mouse.
[Joep is alluding here to the so-called 'duck test', a humorous formulation of what epistemologists call common sense philosophy. Stephen Toulmin gave a funny comment on that in a 2012 review:
Radboud University Nijmegen, 22-23 January
[UPDATE 29-1: een Nederlandse versie staat op historici.nl]
There are essentially two positions with regard to the origins of nationalism. Modernists argue that nationalism was largely constructed after 1800 through the 'invention of tradition', 'imagined communities', national education, print culture and state propaganda, and/or as a side effect of the modernization process. Primordialists hold that post-1800 nationalism is not categorically different from pre-1800 patriotism, national sentiment, histories of the nation, and theories of national character. There are, of course, all kinds of nuances to these positions, but on the whole modernism is dominant in nationalism studies. The conference The Roots of Nationalism, on the other hand, organized by a research group for premodern Dutch identity formation, is essentially primordialists inc.
'Proud to be Dutch' is the somewhat provocative title of Lotte Jensen's research group, who have organized the conference. Of course they are not nationalists themselves - apart from a few creeps in Leiden no sensible Dutch historians are. But they do research on national pride in early modern Dutch travel accounts, poetical canon formation, pamphlets and songs related to wars and peace treaties, and Dutch resistance against the Napoleonic regime. This drawing is one I actually made later during the conference, while listening to a presentation on Dutch colonial activities in Ambon.
Joep Leerssen, main representative of 'modernism' in the Netherlands, has accused keynote speaker Caspar Hirschi of treating something (that is, early modern 'nationalism') like a duck because it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and talks like a duck. Apparently, Lotte avers, Joep thinks it's a mouse.
[Joep is alluding here to the so-called 'duck test', a humorous formulation of what epistemologists call common sense philosophy. Stephen Toulmin gave a funny comment on that in a 2012 review:
A rule of thumb for sound inference has always been that if it looks like a duck, swims like a duck and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck. But there’s a corollary: if it struts around the barnyard loudly protesting that it’s a duck, that it possesses the very essence of duckness, that it’s more authentically a duck than all those other orange-billed, web-footed, swimming fowl, then you’ve got a right to be suspicious: this duck may be a quack.]
woensdag 21 januari 2015
maandag 19 januari 2015
Blackwell's rag-bag, or the (in)fertility of hybrid texts
Intertextual patterns and methodological shifts in an 1847 re-re-re-re-edition of the Prose Edda
Today in Shells & Pebbles
Historians of scholarship should love hybrid works. By ‘hybrid works’ I mean works that don’t fit neatly into a specific genre or format, but that combine the characteristics of different genres and information from disparate kinds of source material, often even texts from different authors. Historians should love such hybrid works for three reasons. First, each hybrid work is hybrid in its own way. Whereas the great bulk of scholarly production from the past is highly repetitious in treating similar topics in a similar format, hybrid works have a tendency to pop up around anomalies and ruptures. Second, by virtue of integrating different approaches (and text from different authors), they are particularly good indicators of shifts in scholarly method, combining the old and the new and often commenting on the respective virtues and shortcomings of these different approaches. And third, they present lovely intertextual puzzles. This is not just brain candy for the lovers of deconstructed authorship, it also provides further insight into information management and the circulation of knowledge – more so, generally, than the great bulk of works that fall under ‘normal science’.
Mallet’s Northern Antiquities is such a hybrid work. It is, in fact, the greatest intertextual puzzle I have encountered in three years of PhD research. The basis of the text is (1) Snorri Sturluson’s 13th century Prose Edda, a story that integrates sagas from the earlier Poetic Edda. That text was (2) translated into French (from a 17th century Latin edition) by Paul Henri Mallet for an introduction to a history of Denmark in 1755, then (3) translated into English by Bishop Percy (of Reliques of Ancient Poetry) in 1770, and (4) substantially corrected by one I.A. Blackwell for an 1847 re-edition, which was repeatedly reprinted until WW I. At each stage, new comments and comments upon comments agglutinated, and parts deemed outdated were left out. The actual text of the Prose Edda (which is itself a rehash of the earlier Poetic Edda) fills only 65 out of 575 pages in the 1847 edition. The rest is, in sequence: Bishop Percy’s preface, Blackwell’s comments on Percy’s preface, Mallet’s introduction, Blackwell’s additions to Mallet’s introduction, comments on Norse mythology by Blackwell, notes by Mallet and Percy, a postscript with newly discovered Eddic texts in translation by Walter Scott, and a glossary and index by Blackwell.
Today in Shells & Pebbles
Historians of scholarship should love hybrid works. By ‘hybrid works’ I mean works that don’t fit neatly into a specific genre or format, but that combine the characteristics of different genres and information from disparate kinds of source material, often even texts from different authors. Historians should love such hybrid works for three reasons. First, each hybrid work is hybrid in its own way. Whereas the great bulk of scholarly production from the past is highly repetitious in treating similar topics in a similar format, hybrid works have a tendency to pop up around anomalies and ruptures. Second, by virtue of integrating different approaches (and text from different authors), they are particularly good indicators of shifts in scholarly method, combining the old and the new and often commenting on the respective virtues and shortcomings of these different approaches. And third, they present lovely intertextual puzzles. This is not just brain candy for the lovers of deconstructed authorship, it also provides further insight into information management and the circulation of knowledge – more so, generally, than the great bulk of works that fall under ‘normal science’.
Mallet’s Northern Antiquities is such a hybrid work. It is, in fact, the greatest intertextual puzzle I have encountered in three years of PhD research. The basis of the text is (1) Snorri Sturluson’s 13th century Prose Edda, a story that integrates sagas from the earlier Poetic Edda. That text was (2) translated into French (from a 17th century Latin edition) by Paul Henri Mallet for an introduction to a history of Denmark in 1755, then (3) translated into English by Bishop Percy (of Reliques of Ancient Poetry) in 1770, and (4) substantially corrected by one I.A. Blackwell for an 1847 re-edition, which was repeatedly reprinted until WW I. At each stage, new comments and comments upon comments agglutinated, and parts deemed outdated were left out. The actual text of the Prose Edda (which is itself a rehash of the earlier Poetic Edda) fills only 65 out of 575 pages in the 1847 edition. The rest is, in sequence: Bishop Percy’s preface, Blackwell’s comments on Percy’s preface, Mallet’s introduction, Blackwell’s additions to Mallet’s introduction, comments on Norse mythology by Blackwell, notes by Mallet and Percy, a postscript with newly discovered Eddic texts in translation by Walter Scott, and a glossary and index by Blackwell.
donderdag 15 januari 2015
De eeuwig wederkerende crisis van de geesteswetenschappen
Column gisteravond bij het Historisch Café, P96, Amsterdam
Vandaag in hard//hoofd
Dames en heren,
De geesteswetenschappen zijn in crisis. En wel om vier redenen:
Maar in de tussentijd zijn de Jezuïeten verbannen en hun colleges opgeheven, heeft de Nationale Conventie tijdelijk alle Franse universiteiten afgeschaft, is de Republiek der Letteren verwaterd, heeft Napoleon de helft van de Duitse universiteiten gesloten, hebben de natuurwetenschappen zich losgemaakt van de filosofische faculteit, en in de jaren ’30 en ’40 zijn ook een paar dingen gebeurd die niet bevorderlijk waren voor de studie der humaniora. En toch bestaan de letteren nog steeds. Sterker nog, de lange-termijntrend laat alleen maar een toename zien. Toen Jean Le Clerc schreef waren er ongeveer 1200 geleerden in heel Europa en op het moment is dat het aantal gepromoveerden in de geesteswetenschappen in Nederland sinds 2010. Als de letteren niet in crisis zijn, dan is er pas een probleem.
Vandaag in hard//hoofd
Dames en heren,
De geesteswetenschappen zijn in crisis. En wel om vier redenen:
- De studie is onnodig moeilijk, want de uitgaven van klassieke teksten deugen niet.
- Geleerden wekken te hoge verwachtingen, en kunnen die vervolgens niet waarmaken.
- Geleerden ruziën teveel, en geven daarmee de letteren een slechte naam.
- Er is geen geld mee te verdienen.
Maar in de tussentijd zijn de Jezuïeten verbannen en hun colleges opgeheven, heeft de Nationale Conventie tijdelijk alle Franse universiteiten afgeschaft, is de Republiek der Letteren verwaterd, heeft Napoleon de helft van de Duitse universiteiten gesloten, hebben de natuurwetenschappen zich losgemaakt van de filosofische faculteit, en in de jaren ’30 en ’40 zijn ook een paar dingen gebeurd die niet bevorderlijk waren voor de studie der humaniora. En toch bestaan de letteren nog steeds. Sterker nog, de lange-termijntrend laat alleen maar een toename zien. Toen Jean Le Clerc schreef waren er ongeveer 1200 geleerden in heel Europa en op het moment is dat het aantal gepromoveerden in de geesteswetenschappen in Nederland sinds 2010. Als de letteren niet in crisis zijn, dan is er pas een probleem.
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